Cell Biologist

  Recent studies have brought into light the potential of Favipiravir as a treatment for the Chandipura virus (CHPV). Conducted by the National Institute of Virology in Pune, these preclinical trials indicate that Favipiravir can reduce viral load and improve survival rates in infected animals. The Chandipura virus is endemic to central India and primarily affects children, leading to severe symptoms such as high fever and seizures. About the Chandipura Virus The Chandipura virus belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family and is transmitted by sandflies. It was first identified in 1965 in Nagpur, Maharashtra. The virus causes encephalitis, leading to inflammation of the brain. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, altered consciousness, and convulsions. Transmission and Vector CHPV is primarily transmitted by female Phlebotomine sandflies, which are most active during the early monsoon season. Studies have indicated that certain mosquito species, particularly Aedes aegypti, could also trans...

  In recent years, India has made strides in addressing sickle cell disease (SCD) through newborn screening initiatives. A study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) brought into light the effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment. This research, spanning from 2019 to 2024, tested over 63,000 newborns across high-prevalence areas. The findings suggest that early intervention can drastically reduce mortality rates associated with SCD. Importance of Newborn Screening Newborn screening for SCD is crucial. SCD is a serious inherited blood disorder that, if undetected, can lead to severe health complications. These include infections, anaemia, and strokes in infants. Early detection allows for timely treatment, improving the quality of life for affected children. Study Overview The ICMR study involved seven centres in India, focusing on tribal and high-risk regions. It aimed to identify cases of SCD and assess the effectiveness of early interventions. The st...

  The International Society of Blood Transfusion officially recognised a new blood group system named EMM -negative, also known as Gwada negative. This designation emerged from the unique case of a woman from Guadeloupe who is the only known individual to possess this rare blood type. The discovery puts stress on advancements in transfusion medicine and genetic research. What is Gwada Negative? Gwada negative refers to the EMM-negative blood group system, identified by the absence of the EMM antigen on red blood cells. This antigen is a high-incidence antigen, present in almost all humans. The lack of such a common antigen is medically and has led to the classification of this blood type as the 48th globally recognised system in transfusion science. Discovery Process The identification of the EMM-negative blood type began in 2011 when the woman underwent routine blood tests. Initial attempts to classify her blood were inconclusive due to the lack of technology. In 2019, advancement...

  The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced its first global guideline for managing sickle cell disease (SCD) during pregnancy. This initiative addresses health challenge impacting both mothers and infants. SCD is characterised by crescent-shaped red blood cells that can obstruct blood flow, leading to severe health complications. The risks associated with SCD escalate during pregnancy, increasing the likelihood of maternal mortality and obstetric complications. About Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder. It causes red blood cells to become rigid and shaped like sickles. This abnormality can lead to blockages in blood vessels. Symptoms include severe pain, anaemia, and increased susceptibility to infections. The prevalence of SCD is particularly high in malaria-endemic regions, with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for the majority of cases. Risks During Pregnancy Pregnancy poses heightened risks for women with SCD. These women face ly incre...

  The 78th World Health Assembly made history by unanimously adopting the resolution titled ‘Skin diseases as a global public health priority’. This resolution marks shift in recognising skin health as a critical aspect of global public health. The decision reflects years of advocacy and the need for better funding and attention towards skin diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Historical Context The resolution emerged from years of advocacy led by dermatologists and organisations like the International League of Dermatologic Societies (ILDS). Skin diseases affect approximately 1.9 billion people worldwide, yet they have been historically neglected. This resolution aims to change the narrative, denoting skin health as integral to human dignity and social equity. Voices from Low-Resource Settings Experts from regions with limited dermatologic care stress the urgency of this initiative. There is a critical need for increased funding and integration of s...

  Recent advancements in cancer treatment have brought into light a new one-step colloidal synthesis method for nanoparticles. This innovative approach focuses on creating nanoparticles with a unique shell structure, specifically designed for photothermal therapy (PTT) to combat cancer . Colloidal Synthesis The new method allows for the creation of semi-shells (SS) with a nano-cup morphology at room temperature. This contrasts sharply with traditional techniques that are often multi-step and require harsh chemicals. The use of a biocompatible metal-organic framework, ZIF-8, as a sacrificial template is crucial for this synthesis. Advantages of the New Method This novel approach eliminates the need for toxic etching agents and high temperatures. It employs mild reducing agents, such as ascorbic acid, which is Vitamin C. The synthesis process is straightforward, requiring no specialised equipment. This simplicity enhances accessibility for research and clinical applications. Optical ...

  Recently, a team of experts in the United States achieved a breakthrough in cancer treatment. They successfully employed step-and-shoot spot-scanning proton arc therapy, known as SPArc, to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma. This innovative method precisely targets tumours while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The findings were published in the International Journal of Particle Therapy. What is Proton Therapy? Proton therapy is a type of radiation treatment that uses protons to irradiate cancer ells. Unlike traditional X-ray radiation, protons can be controlled more precisely. This allows for higher doses to be delivered to the tumour while sparing nearby healthy tissues. The SPArc Technique SPArc is a refined approach to proton therapy. It involves a step-and-shoot method where the treatment machine follows a pre-programmed pattern. This technique allows for the delivery of radiation in a more focused manner, reducing collateral damage to critical areas. Compariso...

  Recent research has revealed a new species of jumping spider r in southern India. This species belongs to the Spartaeinae subfamily. It is as it marks the first discovery of the genera Spartaeus and Sonoita in India. Previously, these genera were only known from Southeast Asia and Africa. The study, led by John Caleb T.D. from Saveetha Medical College, marks the rich biodiversity of the region. Discovery Details The newly identified species, named Spartaeus karigiri, is named after Karigiri, a locality in Karnataka. The male spiders were found hiding in rocky crevices. The females were observed guarding their egg clutches. Additional specimens were discovered in Tamil Nadu’s Villupuram district. This research involved a collaborative effort from various experts across India. Significance of the Discovery The discovery is crucial as it expands the known range of the Spartaeinae subfamily in India. The keen eyesight and unique hunting methods of these spiders are noteworthy. They ...

  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Nuvation Bio's oral medication, Ibtrozi (taletrectinib), for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This approval was announced on June 11, 2025, following a Priority Review designation by the FDA, with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) goal date of June 23, 2025 What Is ROS1-Positive NSCLC? ROS1-positive NSCLC is a rare and aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by genetic alterations in the ROS1 gene. It accounts for approximately 2% of all NSCLC cases, translating to about 3,000 new diagnoses annually in the United States. Patients with this condition are typically younger and often have little to no history of smoking . Clinical Trial Findings The FDA's approval of Ibtrozi was based on data from two pivotal Phase 2 clinical trials, TRUST-I and TRUST-II. These studies demonstrated that Ibtrozi achieved high response rates and dura...

  🧬 Discovery of the DdrC Protein: A Natural DNA Repair Agent Researchers at Western University in Canada have identified a protein named DdrC, found in the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. This protein can independently repair DNA breaks by recognizing damage and signaling the cell to initiate repair processes. In laboratory tests, introducing DdrC into E. coli increased its resistance to UV radiation by up to 40 times. This discovery could pave the way for developing cancer vaccines or genetically engineered plants resistant to environmental stressors.   🧪 NEAT1 RNA: A Key Player in DNA Damage Response A study published in Genes & Development has revealed that the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 plays a crucial role in DNA repair Under conditions of DNA damage, NEAT1 undergoes methylation changes that enable it to guide repair proteins to specific DNA lesions. This mechanism enhances the cell's ability to repair double-strand breaks, which are particu...

  Recent advancements in biodiversity research have led to the rediscovery of a rare hexapod species known as Ballistura fitchoides. This species was first identified nearly a century ago in the Nilgiris by French scientist J. R. Dennis. The original specimen has since been lost, complicating efforts to study this springtail insect. However, a research team from the Molecular Biodiversity Lab at the Government Arts College in Udhagamandalam successfully characterised the complete mitochondrial DNA of this elusive species. Historical Context Ballistura fitchoides was first described in 1933 by J. R. Dennis. Initially named Ballistura fitchi, it underwent a name change in 1944 due to taxonomic revisions. Dennis collected only a few specimens, which were later lost from the Musée National des Sciences Naturelles in Paris. This loss left the scientific community without any known specimens for study. Rediscovery Efforts The recent rediscovery occurred in Kolavayal, Wayanad district, K...

  The emergence of the XFG variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns in India. As of June 2025, 163 cases have been reported, primarily in Maharashtra. The total number of active COVID-19 cases in India stands at 6,815, with three deaths recorded in the last 24 hours. The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium has confirmed the presence of this new variant. About the XFG Variant The XFG variant is a recombinant strain. It results from the merging of two earlier strains, LF.7 and LP.8.1.2. This variant carries four mutations in the spike protein. It has shown rapid global spread since its initial detection in Canada. The variant is a descendant of the Omicron sub-variant. Geographical Distribution Maharashtra has reported the highest number of cases at 89. Other states with notable cases include Tamil Nadu (16), Kerala (15), Gujarat (11), and Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal (six each). A new case has also been confirmed in Telangana. Clinical Characteristics The XFG...

  The discovery of a new species of parasitic wasp, Losgna occidentalis, has brought into light the rich biodiversity of India. This species was identified in Chandigarh, marking find after nearly six decades. The research puts stress on the importance of taxonomic studies in understanding and conserving ecosystems amidst climate change and habitat loss. Rediscovery of the Losgna Genus Losgna is a genus of wasps known for their parasitic behaviour. The recent study reveals that this genus had not been documented in India since 1965. The solitary specimen was found in an urban dry scrub forest in Chandigarh during the winter of 2023-24. This marks the first formal description of any new insect species from Chandigarh. Characteristics of Losgna Occidentalis The newly identified species, Losgna occidentalis, is distinguished by its location. The name “occidentalis” indicates its position as the westernmost known occurrence of the genus. Previous records were primarily from tropical f...

  Recent studies highlight the deep-rooted genetic connections between Iberia and North Africa. This relationship persisted for centuries until event in history altered it. Researchers analysed ancient DNA from individuals in eastern Spain to understand this genetic lineage, particularly during the periods of Al-Andalus and the Reconquista. Historical Context of Iberia Iberia , comprising modern Spain and Portugal, has a complex history influenced by various cultures. From Greek and Roman settlements to the Islamic conquest in 711 CE, North African influences were present long before the establishment of Al-Andalus. This region became a melting pot of cultures, languages, and religions. Genetic Analysis of Ancient Individuals The study involved DNA analysis from 12 individuals across three burial sites in Valencia. These samples spanned over a millennium, covering pre-Islamic, Islamic, and post-Reconquista periods. The findings revealed North African genetic markers in all samples,...

  Thermophilic bacteria thrive in extreme heat. They can survive temperatures between 45 to 70 degrees Celsius. These bacteria are not only resilient but also beneficial. They play important role in antibiotic production. Hot springs around the world are rich in these microorganisms. Recent studies highlight their potential in combating antibiotic resistance. Thermophiles and Their Environment Thermophiles are found in hot springs, deep-sea vents, and compost piles. These habitats are mineral-rich and have fewer competitors. This allows thermophilic bacteria to flourish. They often produce antibiotics to fend off other microorganisms. Their ability to thrive in extreme conditions makes them unique in the microbial world. Antibiotic Production Many thermophilic bacteria produce potent antibiotics. Researchers focus on Actinobacteria, a group known for its antimicrobial properties. These bacteria are responsible for producing well-known antibiotics like streptomycin and tetracyclin...

  Recent reports have brought into light Elon Musk’s extensive use of ketamine. This has raised concerns about the drug’s effects and safety. Musk, who has been a close adviser to Donald Trump, reportedly consumed ketamine frequently. He stated that he was prescribed the drug for depression . However, the amount he used led to bladder problems. This situation sheds light on the complexities surrounding ketamine’s use in both medical and recreational contexts. What Is Ketamine? Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic. It is classified as a hallucinogen by the US Drug Enforcement Administration. Originally developed in the 1960s, it was first used as an anaesthetic for animals. In the 1970s, it gained approval for human use by the US Food and Drug Administration. Recently, ketamine has been explored for treating depression and other mental health conditions. This is especially true for patients unresponsive to traditional therapies. Methods of Consumption Ketamine can be administered ...

  Recent studies have brought into light the preparedness of public health centres in India to manage diabetes and hypertension. The Indian Council of Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (ICMR-NCDIR) conducted a comprehensive survey across 19 districts in seven states. This survey assessed both public and private health facilities to determine their readiness for managing these chronic conditions. Diabetes and Hypertension in India India faces challenge with diabetes and hypertension. It is the second highest country in terms of adult diabetes prevalence. Over one-fourth of Indian adults are affected by hypertension. These conditions are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. The increasing burden necessitates effective management strategies within healthcare systems. Study Overview The ICMR-NCDIR study aimed to evaluate the preparedness of health facilities for diabetes and hypertension care. A total of 415 health facilities were surveyed...

  The recent approval of the mNexspike vaccine by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marks development in the fight against Covid-19. This new vaccine, developed by Moderna, is not intended to replace the existing Spikevax vaccine but serves as an additional option for specific populations. It is particularly aimed at individuals aged 65 and older and those aged 12 to 64 with underlying health conditions that increase their risk of severe disease. mNexspike Vaccine mNexspike is a next-generation Covid-19 vaccine. It is designed to be administered at a lower dose, specifically one-fifth of the dose of the current Spikevax vaccine. The aim is to refine the immune response while maintaining safety and efficacy. The vaccine has been approved for adults aged 65 and older and younger individuals with health risks. Approval Process The FDA’s approval was based on a clinical study involving 11,400 participants aged 12 and older. The study compared mNexspike with the existing Spi...