Cell Biologist

  Recent studies highlight the issue of biodiversity leakage in agricultural landscapes. As nations strive to meet biodiversity targets, unintended consequences may arise. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aims to protect 30 per cent of land and sea by 2030. However, conservation efforts in wealthier nations may inadvertently drive production expansion in biodiverse regions elsewhere. About Biodiversity Leak Biodiversity leak refers to the displacement of harmful activities from conservation areas to more biodiverse regions. When restoration projects limit agricultural production, the resulting demand may lead to increased imports from countries with rich biodiversity. This phenomenon can negate local conservation benefits. Global Biodiversity Framework The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework sets ambitious targets for biodiversity protection. It aims for 30 per cent of land and sea to be safeguarded by 2030. The European Union’s Biodiversity Strategy f...

  Recent research has raised alarms about the health risks associated with trihalomethanes (THMs), a byproduct of chlorine used in drinking water disinfection. This study indicates that current regulatory limits in the United States and European Union may not adequately protect against colorectal and bladder cancer . The findings suggest a need for reassessment of these standards. About Trihalomethanes (THMs) THMs are formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter in water. The four most common THMs are chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and chlorodibromomethane. These compounds are prevalent in chlorinated drinking water and may pose health risks. Regulatory Limits and Health Risks In the US, the total concentration of THMs in drinking water is limited to 80 microgrammes per litre. The EU has a slightly higher limit of 100 microgrammes per litre. In India, the acceptable limits vary by compound. Recent studies indicate that these thresholds may not sufficiently ...

  Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder that severely affects motor neurons. Recent advancements have led to a groundbreaking treatment for SMA while the child is still in the womb. This innovative approach marks important milestone in medical history, as it is the first successful in-utero treatment for this debilitating condition. About Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) SMA is a group of inherited neuromuscular disorders. It leads to muscle weakness and atrophy due to the loss of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. Approximately one in every 10,000 births is affected by some form of SMA. The condition is primarily caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1). This mutation results in a deficiency of a protein essential for motor neuron survival. Types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy There are five main subtypes of SMA, classified by age of onset and severity SMA Type 0: Affects fetuses before birth, leading to severe muscle weakness at birth. SMA Type 1...

  A collaborative initiative involving IIIT-Delhi, CHRI-PATH, Tata 1mg, and the Indian Council of Medical Research has led to the development of AMRSense. This AI-powered tool analyses routine hospital data to provide timely vital information about antibiotic resistance patterns. The findings were published in The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, showcasing a six-year study across 21 tertiary care centres in India. About AMRSense Tool AMRSense utilises existing hospital data to predict trends in antibiotic resistance. It identifies relationships between pairs of antibiotics and tracks resistance changes over time. This approach is cost-effective compared to traditional genomic methods. It allows healthcare providers to anticipate resistance patterns and make informed treatment decisions. AMROrbit Scorecard The AMROrbit Scorecard is another innovation from this research. It provides a visual representation of resistance trends for hospitals. By comparing local data with global...

  Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) presents health challenges worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income countries. In India, the burden of AML is acute, with late-stage diagnoses and limited access to advanced treatment options. Despite global advancements in cancer care, disparities remain evident in patient outcomes, especially in rural areas. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving survival rates. About Acute Myeloid Leukaemia AML is the most prevalent type of leukaemia in adults. It is characterised by the rapid proliferation of abnormal blood cells, known as blasts. This disease affects blood and bone marrow, leading to severe complications if untreated. The median age of diagnosis in India is lower than in high-income countries, with patients often presenting at age 40. Unfortunately, late-stage presentations are common, resulting in poorer prognoses. Barriers to Effective AML Care Several barriers hinder the effective management of AML in India. These incl...

  Pope Francis, the 88-year-old leader of the Roman Catholic Church, is currently hospitalised due to double pneumonia. This condition arose from a complex respiratory infection exacerbated by his pre-existing lung issues . The pope’s case is particularly concerning due to his age and medical history. What Is Double Pneumonia? Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs often caused by infections. Double pneumonia refers to pneumonia affecting both lungs simultaneously. It can result from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi. This condition increases the severity of symptoms and complications. It is often seen in individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses. Symptoms of Double Pneumonia Common symptoms include high fever, persistent cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Patients may also experience confusion, especially the elderly. Some may show no fever due to severe immunodeficiency. Rapid heart rate and muscle pain can also occur. Causes...

  Recently, Kerala initiated the nPROUD (New Programme for Removal of Unused Drugs) to address the environmental and health hazards posed by expired and unused medicines. This pioneering government-led initiative aims to create a systematic approach to collect and dispose of these drugs safely. The programme will initially be piloted in Kozhikode and is expected to expand statewide based on its success. What is nPROUD Initiative? The nPROUD initiative was conceived due to the rising concerns over the improper disposal of drugs. Unused and expired medicines often end up in general waste. This practice leads to soil and water contamination, contributing to antimicrobial resistance . The Kerala Drugs Control Department aims to combat these issues through this innovative programme. Pilot Phase and Implementation The pilot phase will commence in Ulliyeri panchayat within Kozhikode Corporation. The programme will involve scheduled collection of unused medicines from homes. The public can...