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nPROUD Initiative

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  Recently, Kerala initiated the nPROUD (New Programme for Removal of Unused Drugs) to address the environmental and health hazards posed by expired and unused medicines. This pioneering government-led initiative aims to create a systematic approach to collect and dispose of these drugs safely. The programme will initially be piloted in Kozhikode and is expected to expand statewide based on its success. What is nPROUD Initiative? The nPROUD initiative was conceived due to the rising concerns over the improper disposal of drugs. Unused and expired medicines often end up in general waste. This practice leads to soil and water contamination, contributing to antimicrobial resistance . The Kerala Drugs Control Department aims to combat these issues through this innovative programme. Pilot Phase and Implementation The pilot phase will commence in Ulliyeri panchayat within Kozhikode Corporation. The programme will involve scheduled collection of unused medicines from homes. The public can...
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Guillain-Barré Syndrome Cases in Andhra Pradesh

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  Recently, the state of Andhra Pradesh has witnessed a rise in Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) cases, prompting government action. The Chief Minister has ordered an investigation into the outbreak. Earlier this year, Maharashtra also reported rising cases of GBS. About Guillain-Barré Syndrome Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. GBS is characterised by muscle weakness and paralysis. It typically starts with weakness, tingling, or numbness in the limbs. Symptoms can progress rapidly, leading to paralysis that may last from six months to a year. The syndrome affects nerves responsible for muscle movement and sensation. While it can occur at any age, it is more common in adult males. Causes and Triggers The exact cause of GBS remains unknown. However, it often follows infections, either bacterial or viral. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s nerves after such infections. Some rare cases have been linked to va...
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Mpox Clade Ib Outbreak in DRC

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  The mpox clade Ib outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has raised public health concerns since its emergence in September 2023. Recent genomic and epidemiological studies indicate that this outbreak is primarily linked to sexual activity among professional sex workers in densely populated urban areas. As of January 2025, over 9,500 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported, with a case fatality rate of 3.4%. Mpox Variants There are two main types (clades) of mpox : Clade 1 and Clade 2. Each clade has subtypes that differ in transmission and severity. Clade 2b (Global Outbreak, 2022-Present): Caused a major outbreak in 2022, spreading globally. Over 100,000 cases reported worldwide. Low fatality rate in Europe (4 deaths per 10,000 cases). Primarily affected gay & bisexual men and other men who have sex with men in the UK. Clade 1a (Endemic in the DRC): Found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) for years. Spread through contact with animals or t...
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Sudan Virus Disease Outbreak in Uganda

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  The recent outbreak of Sudan virus disease in Uganda has garnered global attention. The World Health Organization and the Ugandan government confirmed this outbreak, marking the ninth recorded since 1976. The index case (first identified case) is a 32-year-old male nurse from Kampala. As of February 11, there are nine confirmed cases, with the index case being the only reported death. This situation marks the ongoing challenges posed by viral infections in a rapidly changing world. Background of Sudan Virus Disease Sudan virus disease is part of the orthoebolavirus family, similar to Ebola virus disease. The first outbreak occurred in southern Sudan in 1976. The disease is characterised by severe symptoms including fever, fatigue, and bleeding. There are no specific treatments or vaccines available, making outbreaks particularly concerning. Recent Outbreak Details The current outbreak originated from a hospital cluster and a family cluster. The first case was confirmed in a nu...
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Crocodile Catfish Discovered in Bahini River

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  The recent identification of the Crocodile Catfish in the Bahini River (a tributary of Brahmaputra ) has sparked ecological concerns in Guwahati. This invasive species poses threat to local fish populations and the overall aquatic ecosystem. The State Fishery Department is actively analysing samples to determine the extent of the impact. This discovery marks ongoing issues related to invasive species in Assam’s waterways. About the Crocodile Catfish The Crocodile Catfish, scientifically known as Bagarius suchus, is a member of the Sisoridae family. It is also known as the giant devil catfish, crocodile goonch catfish or Asian giant river catfish. This species is notable for its size, being one of the largest freshwater catfish in Asia. It can grow over 1.5 metres long and weigh more than 50 kilograms. Its body is typically dark brown or black, featuring irregular patches. The dorsal fin extends nearly the entire length of its back. The Crocodile Catfish is classified as Near Th...
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Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccine Biolumpivaxin Approved

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  Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) poses threat to cattle health and the dairy industry in India. The recent approval of Biolumpivaxin, a vaccine developed by Biovet, marks a very important moment in combating this disease. This vaccine is notable for being the world’s first Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) marker vaccine. It aims to enhance disease surveillance and improve the management of infected and vaccinated cattle. About Lumpy Skin Disease Lumpy Skin Disease is a viral infection affecting cattle and buffaloes. It is characterised by skin nodules, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The disease leads to decreased milk production and mobility issues in affected animals. Transmission primarily occurs through vector bites from insects such as mosquitoes and ticks. This disease has resulted in mortality and economic losses in the dairy sector. Biolumpivaxin – Key Features Biolumpivaxin is a groundbreaking vaccine that allows for the differentiation between vaccinated...
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New Species of Conundrum

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  Recent research has revealed findings regarding cardamom , often referred to as the ‘Queen of Spices’. An international team has identified six close relatives of Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum ), expanding our understanding of this vital spice. This discovery may enhance spice production and conservation efforts. The research involved scientists from Denmark, India, Colombia, Czech Republic, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and the U.K. Discovery of New Cardamom Species Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), known as the “Queen of Spices,” was earlier thought to be the only species in its genus. Researchers have now identified six other species closely related to it. Four of these species were earlier placed under a different genus, Alpinia. Two new species—Elettaria facifera and Elettaria tulipifera—were discovered in Kerala’s Western Ghats. Geographical Findings Elettaria facifera was found in Periyar Tiger Reserve , Idukki district. Elettaria tulipifera was found in Agasthyama...
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